Japan is made up of 4 main islands; Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku and Kyushu. Honshu, the biggest of the four, is home to the Japanese capital of Tokyo as well as several other large cities.
Hokkaido, to the north, is a popular holiday destination, especially when it comes to winter sports.
In the south, we find Shikoku, the smallest of these four main islands and famous for nature.
Kyushu is a mixed bag with volcanoes, historic sites, and small villages. Each of the islands is a great tourist destination and it’s difficult to choose which one to visit.
Here’s our guide to discovering Japan’s four main islands. Make sure that when you go to Japan, you don’t miss anything!
Honshu Japan - Worth a Visit?
Why should you visit Honshu?
There are several reasons to visit Honshu, the largest island in the Land of the Rising Sun and, generally, when people travel to Japan, they'll head to Honshu as it's the largest island, home to the major cities like Tokyo and Kyoto, Mount Fuji, Disneyland, and most of the other famous attractions and destinations that people have heard of.
The capital city of Japan is one of the main reasons people head to the island of Honshu. It’s almost impossible to visit Japan without visiting the capital.
You can’t visit Tokyo in less than a week as there’s just so much to see and do. A few notable ones are:
- Shibuya, the “city centre”.
- Shinjuku, home to Tokyo’s nightlife.
- The Japanese Imperial Palace.
- The artificial island of Odaiba.
- Akihabara, home to electronics, anime, and manga.
- Roppongi, home to Japan’s nightclubs.
- Senso-Ji, the Buddhist temple in Asakusa.
- The Tokyo Skytree.
- The Meiji Jingu shrine.
- Tokyo Disneyland
- The museums around the city.
Of all the places in Honshu worth visiting, we also need to mention Kyoto, the former capital that’s famous for Geishas, temples, and shrines. Osaka is famous for its castle.
Honshu is also home to Mount Fuji, Japan’s tallest mountain and a symbol of the nation itself. Its beauty will take your breath away. Fuji is perfect for a trip outside of the city. This world heritage site is filled with shrines and torii.
The coastline of Honshu extends over 6,266 miles (10,084 km). Honshu also contains Japan's largest lake, Lake Biwa. Honshu is the 7th largest island in the world.
The Kansai and Kanto regions are also worth visiting. You can enjoy sushi, ramen, sake (in moderation), and yakitori. The cuisine in Japan is second to none. Of course, when you travel to Japan, you can visit whatever destinations you want and while Honshu has plenty of great things to see and do, that doesn't mean a holiday elsewhere in Japan is a wasted trip.
Beyond Tokyo: Other Major Cities in Honshu
Osaka
Japan is known for its food, and Osaka is perhaps one of the best cities to eat. Known as Japan's kitchen, the port city of Osaka boasts a vibrant street food culture and modern architecture. The Osaka Castle is iconic, and the neon lights of Dotonbori will captivate you. Blow off some steam on the rides at Universal Studios, and explore historic temples alongside modern cityscapes.
Kyoto
Renowned for its gorgeous temples, peaceful gardens, and traditional aesthetic, Kyoto gives visitors a vivid glimpse into classical Japanese culture. Landmarks like the Fushimi Inari Shrine, Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion), and seasonal cherry blossoms delight tourists. You will also find tea ceremonies, traditional wooden homes, and geisha districts.
Hiroshima
Hiroshima is known globally for the tragic 1945 atomic bombing, and was the first target of a nuclear weapon in history. Today, Hiroshima is a place where you can see the city's remarkable renaissance and visit places like the Peace Memorial Park and Museum and the haunting Atomic Bomb Dome, the lone building that survived the bombing. Try the local delicacy, Hiroshima-style okonomiyaki.
Nagoya
Nagoya is Japan's industrial powerhouse, and its famous for it's innovative, futuristic energy. Check out Nagoya Castle, Atsuta Shrine, and the SCMAGLEV Railway park. Local cuisine like hitsumabushi (grilled eel over rice) and the city's rich samurai heritage make it a pleasure to explore.
Cultural Highlights of Honshu
As the beating heart of the country’s cultural heritage, history, and innovation and the most populous island in Japan, you can expect to experience some of the country's best festivals, cuisines, and historical areas. From the modern metropolis of Tokyo in the east to historical Hiroshima in the west, Honshu offers visitors a rich mosaic of traditions, art, and landmarks that illustrate the best of Japan.
Here is handful of Honshu's cultural highlights.
Geisha culture thrives in Kyoto - these highly skilled female entertainers excel in dance, music, and conversation, entertaining clients privately in tea houses and banquet halls. It can, however, be rather costly and complicated to arrange geisha entertainment. Luckily. you can still experience geisha culture by attending a tea ceremony, performance, or by transforming into one yourself!
Spring cherry blossom festivals in Kyoto and Tokyo draw thousands to admire the fleeting beauty of the famous sakura tree. Visiting in summer? Check out the ornate floats and ancient rituals at the Gion festival in Kyoto and Aomori's Nebuta Matsuri. Fall brings momiji (autumn leaf) festivals, where parks are lit to illuminate the changing trees. Finally, winter brings the the snow lantern festivals in northern Honshu and the Oji Fox Parade in Tokyo.
Honshu's famous culinary landscape is vast, diverse, and rooted in tradition. Find delicious takoyaki (octopus balls) and crispy okonomiyaki (savory pancakes) in the street stalls of Osaka. Prefer something more upscale? Tokyo has Michelin starred sushi restaurants where you can have the meal of a lifetime. Noodle shops serve steaming bowls of incredible ramen and udon, or try seasonal specialties like sakura mochi in the spring.
Hokkaido Japan - A Winter Paradise
Hokkaido is an island to the north of Japan that’s famous for being a popular holiday destination for Japanese tourists. There are plenty of places to visit in Hokkaido and you really have to visit Japan several times to see it all, but here’s a summary.
Hokkaido is famous for Japan’s winter sports scene with ski resorts like the one at Niseko. The tall mountains and cold weather are perfect for it, and the snowy scenery is also incredibly beautiful.
In Hokkaido, you need to visit the capital Sapporo, which is home to over 2 million people! This is a popular tourist destination and is famous for its food and hot springs.
Other cities worth visiting in Hokkaido include:
- Abashiri, a coastal town.
- Hakodate with its port.
- Asahikawa and the zoo.
- Chitose, where you’ll find the international airport.
- Furano and the ski resort.
Hokkaido is also home to Hell Valley (Jigokudani), the Hiyoriyama volcano, and many onsens. The Japanese hot springs here are famous and it would be a shame to miss them.
There’s also Lake Toya and the Geopark, Mount Yotei, and the Makomanai Takino Buddhist cemetery with its giant Buddha.
You won't get bored in Hokkaido.
Find out more about visiting Hokkaido.
Hokkaido was originally inhabited by the Ainu people, an indigenous group distinct from the Japanese people. Ainu are one of the few ethnic minorities native to the Japanese island, and were forced to assimilate into Japan.
A Closer Look at Sapporo
Hokkaido's capital, Sapporo, is a vibrant city in Northern Japan with stunning winter landscapes, incredible food, and cosmopolitan charm. Host of the 1972 Winter Olympics, Sapporo holds snow festivals that feature ice and snow sculptures that attract millions every February. You'll also experience:
- a blend of Western-style urban planning and Japanese culture
- Odori Park
- Sapporo Clock Tower
- Sapporo Beer museum and beer garden
Hokkaido Key Attractions
As you might expect, Hokkaido is a winter lover's paradise, and Niseko has ski resort options to satisfy all sorts of travellers. From local, independently owned hotels and guest houses to international luxury hotels like the Ritz Carlton and chains like Hilton and Hyatt, you'll find plenty of great places to stay after an exciting day on the slopes.
Hokkaido is home to many onsen, or natural hot springs, which offer rejuvenating and relaxing baths among breathtaking scenery. Noriboribetsu Onsen is the area's most famous, located in a volcanic area called Jigokudani (Hell Valley) where steam vents and sulfurous streams add to the drama of the surroundings. The waters are mineral rich with hydrogen sulfide, which soothes sore muscles and skin. Other onsen worth considering are Jozankei Onsen, Yunokawa Onsen, and Tokachidake Onsen.
Shiretoko is one of Japan's most pristine natural areas and a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. Rugged mountains, forests, and dramatic coastlines can be seen, as well as diverse wildlife like brown bears, Ezo deer, red foxes, and sea eagles. Summer visitors can hike to waterfalls, volcanic hot springs, and the Shiretoko Five Lakes, which reflect the surrounding peaks.
Shikoku Island - A Holiday Worth Taking
Even though Shikoku is one of the smaller of Japan’s main islands, it’s still a wonderful place to visit and explore when you’re in Japan. It’s famous all over Japan and there are plenty of reasons to visit.
Shikoku is full of nature and you can feel Japanese tradition emanating off almost anything. You can see cherry blossoms all over Japan, but there’s no better place than Shikoku to do it.
Shikoku is home to several important Japanese towns and cities including the popular Matsuyama in the Ehime prefecture. This Japanese city is famous for its hot springs, the 19th-century castle, and the Ishite-Ji temple.
There’s a tradition of pilgrimages to the 88 temples on the island, known as the Shikoku henro. To learn more about Japan and Buddhist rituals, you can also take part in Shikoku’s pilgrimages. They won’t cost you a single Yen, either.
The name "Shikoku" literally translates to "four provinces," referring to the four provinces (now prefectures) that make up the island.
You can also visit the town of Naruto, the Iya Valley, or the Oboke Gorge. There’s also the traditional village of Uchiko and the Kotohira-gu Shinto shrine.
Learn more about the island of Shikoku.
Shikoku's Major Towns and Cities
Matsuyama
Matsuyama is known for Dogo Onsen, one of the oldest hot springs in Japan, and for being the inspiration behind Studio Ghibli's classic film, Spirited Away. You'll also find Matsuyama Castle, a beautiful hilltop fortress, and literary connections to famous haiku poet Masaoka Shiki and author Natsume Sōseki, whose novel Botchan is set here.
Takamatsu
Located on Shikoku’s northern coast, Takamatsu is the island’s main gateway to Honshu via the Seto Ohashi Bridge. Takamatsu is home to Ritsurin Garden, with tranquil ponds and pine-covered hills. Foodies will appreciate Takamatsu's title as the "Udon Capital" of Japan because of the popularity of Sanuki udon noodles.
Kochi
Kochi is a laid-back coastal city known for its good weather, samurai history, and access to nature. Kochi Castle can be found, along with the bustling Hiromi Market with local fare like katsuo no tataki (seared bonito).
Tokushima
Tokushima hosts the Awa Odori, a centuries old dance festival held every August that attracts performers and spectators from across the country. The city also offers access to the Iya Valley, an region of vine bridges, gorges, and villages.
A Closer Look at Shikoku's Main Attractions
The Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage is one of the country's most significant spiritual journeys. Spanning 1,200 km across the island, the route connects 88 Buddhist temples associated with the monk Kukai (Kobo Daishi), who founded Shingon Buddhism. Pilgrams walk, cycle, or drive the trail dressed in traditional white robes.
Takamatsu's Ritsurin Garden is one of Japan's finest. The garden was designed during the Edo period and covers 75 hectares. Visitors will see elegant paths, koi ponds, bridges, and pine trees all set against the backdrop of Mt. Shiun. The garden is a serene escape and exemplar of traditional Japanese design.
Iya Valley is a remote gorge known for its vine bridges, traditional thatched roof homes, and wild beauty. The valley was once a refuge for defeated samurai, and visitors can hike along steep forest trails and soak in secluded onsen.
Why Should You Visit Kyushu?
Our last island is Kyushu, the third large Japanese island. It’s famous for its volcanoes, historic sites, and coastal towns. There are a few reasons to visit Kyushu.
If you’re visiting Japan, you’ll find that there are onsen all over the country. This is particularly true in Kyushu, which is famous for the hot springs. The Unzen and Beppu onsen are particularly popular. Once you’ve tried them, you won’t want to leave so try to make the most of your time there.
The city of Fukuoka is home to over 1.5 million people and is worth visiting. There are skyscrapers by the beach and a fantastic transport system.
With shopping centres, Japanese markets, views of the Genkai Sea, noodles by Hakata Bay, and Japanese tea ceremonies, you won’t get bored here. You can also learn more about Japanese culture and history in the museums and at local monuments.
Enjoy sand bathing in Kyushu, the only natural sand bathing place in the world. Known as sunamushi in Japanese, volcanic hot springs along the coast of Ibusuki, Kyushu. These hot springs warm the sands to 50-55 degrees celsius. The sand bath experience involves an attendant who will cover you with warm sand. After 10 minutes, you emerge warm and relaxed.
There are a few places in Kyushu that you have to visit:
- Mount Aso and Sakurajima, the island’s two volcanoes.
- Nagasaki and Japanese cultural heritage.
- The coastal city of Miyazaki.
- The picturesque city of Kumamoto and its castle.
- Kagoshima, the Naples of the East.
- The local culture of the Okinawa archipelago.
There are also festivals across Kyushu that you can take part in such as the Nagasaki Lantern Festival.
In terms of food, we recommend you try Hakata ramen and motsunabe.
Find out more about visiting Kyushu.
Major Towns and Cities of Kyushu
Fukuoka
Fukuoka is a dynamic coastal hub famous for its lively food scene, serving up specialties like Hakata ramen in street food stalls. Fukuoka is also where you'll find vibrant festivals like the Hakata Gion Yamakasa, historical sites like Fukuoka Castle, and temples like Shōfuku-ji, Japan’s oldest Zen temple.
Nagasaki
Nagasaki is a port city known for its blend of Japanese, Chinese, and European influences. Sites like Dejima, Oura Cathedral, and Chinatown give Nagasaki a global charm, and places like the Nagasaki Peace Park and Atomic Bomb Museum are somber reminders of the legacy of WWII. You'll also find the dazzling Lantern Festival and tasty dishes like champon noodles and Castella cake.
Kumamoto
Kumamoto is best known for its impressive Kumamoto Castle, one of Japan’s most iconic fortresses, and the nearby Suizenji Garden. The city is rooted in samurai culture, and visitors can explore places tied to the legendary swordsman Miyamoto Musashi. Hearty local food like basashi (horse sashimi) and Kumamoto ramen are perfect for food enthusiasts. Mount Aso is located just east of the city.
Kagoshima
Kagoshima is a southern gem known for its warm climate, samurai history, and natural beauty. The city played a major role in Japan’s modernization and honors its history with attractions like Sengan-en Garden and Shiroyama Park. Enjoy hot spring foot baths with views of the bay, explore the island-volcano of Sakurajima, and sample local dishes like Kurobuta pork and sweet potato shōchū.
Key Attractions of Kyushu
Mount Aso is one of the largest active volcanoes in the world and boasts the country's biggest caldera. Explorers will see lush highlands, steaming vents, and the often-accessible Nakadake crater where you can get a close view of volcanic activity. Surrounding Aso Kuju National park offers trails, scenic drives and natural beauty.
Located in Ōita Prefecture, Beppu is Japan’s most famous hot spring town, offering the highest volume of thermal water in the country. Enjoy traditional onsen bathing, sand baths, mud baths, or view the stunning "Hells of Beppu" (Jigoku Meguri), a series of colorful and dramatic hot spring displays.
Nagasaki Peace Park can be found near the epicenter of the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. The park serves as a tribute to the victims and a powerful symbol against nuclear war. The park also features poignant sculptures donated by countries around the world. A visit to this site is an essential experience for understanding Japan’s commitment to peace.
Why not Learn the Japanese Language?
Now you should know a little more about Japan’s main islands. To learn more about Japan and the islands, check out our other articles on the subject.
You can also learn about Japan and the Japanese language from a tutor on Superprof. There are tonnes of Japanese tutors on the platform and you can enjoy either face-to-face tutorials, group tutorials, or online tutorials from them. Each type comes with its advantages and disadvantages so it's down to you and your budget to decide which is right for you.
Group tutorials are a good way to learn with friends, family members, or other Japanese students and are usually the cheapest type of tutorial as you're all sharing the cost of the tutor's time and expertise.
Of course, with other students in the class, you can't always guarantee that the tutorials will be tailored to you and what you want to learn.
If you're looking for a more personalised experience, one-on-one tutorials are an excellent way to learn. The tutor can teach in a way that works for you. As there'll only be you and the tutor in the class, you'll get plenty of opportunities to practise speaking Japanese, too. While these are usually the most expensive type of tutorials, they're also the most cost-effective as every minute is spent helping you to master the language.
You can always broaden your search to Japanese tutors all over the world. As long as you've got a decent internet connection and a webcam, you can learn Japanese with online tutors. As the tutors don't have to travel and can organise more tutorials each week, they tend to charge less than the face-to-face tutors.
Don't forget that a lot of the tutors on Superprof offer the first lesson for free so try a few different tutors and types of tutorials out before deciding on which will work for you.
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