How did the Tudors take over England?

In 1485, thanks to Henry VII winning over Richard III, at the time of the Battle of Bosworth Field.

Where are the Tudor’s from?

Henry VII was from Wales. His descendants are English (Henry VIII, Mary I, Elizabeth I) and Scottish (James VI/I, his great-great-grandson).

Which Tudor reigned the longest?

Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and granddaughter of the first Tudor king, Henry VII, she ruled for over 45 years from 1533 to 1603.

Everything You Need to Know about the Tudor Monarchs

With some of the most well-known characters in the history of the English monarchy, the Tudor dynasty is one of the most significant royal houses in the history of the UK.

The Tudor Family Tree marked History through the figures who sat on the English throne, from Henry VII, founder of Tudor England, right through to the formidable Queen of England, Elizabeth I, changing and shaping the end of the Middle Age through:

Political and religious overhauls
Wars and victories
Rebellions and coups
Culture development

Family tree of the House of Tudor, showing the lineage from Henry VII to Elizabeth I. The diagram includes key members such as Henry VIII and his children, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I, along with connections to other European royal families. Branches illustrate marriages, heirs, and notable historical relationships.

From Thomas Wolsey and Thomas Cromwell to the Duke of Northumberland, Mary, Queen of Scots, and Anne Boleyn, it has some incredible characters too.

Here, we are going to do a survey of the Tudor times through the figures sat on the English throne, from good old Henry VII, founder of Tudor England, right through to the formidable Queen of England, Elizabeth I.

1485

Henry VII

Victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field

1509

Henry VIII

Ascension to the throne

1547 - 1563

Mid-Tudor crisis

1547

Edward VI

Ascension

1553

Mary I

Crowning

1558

Elizabeth I

Beginning of her ruling

1563 - 1603

The Golden Age

Cultural and economic flourishing

1603

Death of Elizabeth I

Continuity and unification of the crowns with James VI

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Origins of the Tudor Dynasty

It's generally well known that the Tudor era began in 1485, when Henry VII, Henry Tudor, was crowned king. Henry was the only Lancastrian candidate to be king because all of those with a better claim had been killed during the war.

Here are a few historical details about the Tudor kings that may help to clarify your understanding of the Tudor reign.

After the War of the Roses, the Lancaster and York houses claimed the throne through descendants from the sons of Edward III.

A Lancastrian, Henry's house defeated Richard III of the House of York at the Battle of Bosworth Field to end the thirty-year-long Wars of the Roses.

Though King Henry VII very successfully cemented his position as a unifying force in English politics by marrying Elizabeth of York to end the War of the Roses, his position was actually quite vulnerable.

His first claim to be king was through his descent from Edward III's fourth son, John of Gaunt, and his mistress. Henry's great-grandfather was therefore illegitimate

Henry's claim to the throne came through his mother's side, Margaret Beaufort. Her husband, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was the half-brother of King Henry VI. This was something not very well thought out during these times.

King Henry VII: Henry Tudor (1485-1509)

👑 Henry VII, 1st Tudor king

Born

January 28, 1457, in Pembrokeshire, Wales

Ascension to the throne

22 August, 1485

Known for

The Battle of Bosworth Field, the accomplishment of the peace with Scotland, brought central control after the War of the Roses

Death

April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England

The first king in the Tudor dynasty, Henry VII came to the crown through his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the final battle in the thirty-year-long Wars of the Roses.

Although historiography has generally seen him as a bit of a boring bloke, there wouldn’t have been any Tudors at all if it wasn’t for him. He united the two parties that had been in conflict during the War of the Roses – the House of Lancaster and the House of York – after he came to power by marrying Elizabeth of York, himself a Lancastrian.

Policies, Reforms, General highlights of the ruling of Henry VII

His actions were aimed at ensuring England's economic stability and security.

He strengthened trade, royal finances, and administration, while reducing taxes for merchants and increasing the exchange of goods such as wool, through treaties like the Intercursus Magnus and the Malus Intercursus.

He centralized authority in the King's Council and the Council Learned in Law, limiting the power of the nobility and the aristocracy (on whom he also imposed new taxes on inheritance and marriage).

His reign was always vulnerable, with constant threats from enemies seeking to take the throne (known as "The Pretenders").

He intensified tax collection (for example, on imports and exports) to raise funds in the event of war and to ensure the kingdom's security amid constant tensions with Scotland and France.

In 1487, he created the Court of Star Chamber to deal with cases of rebellion and treason.

Henry VII also enabled a move away from the feudal practices of power that had characterized the country throughout the Middle Ages.

Appointed Justices of the Peace – officials who would ensure that laws were upheld in all the provinces of the country – and limiting the power of the regional nobility through taxation

He sought to secure the reign of his descendants through the marriage of his son Arthur to Catherine of Aragon, with the Treaty of Medina del Campo and a clause in the Treaty of Perpetual Peace.

King Henry VIII (1509-1547)

🧔‍♂️ Henry VIII, 'the reformation king'

Born

28 June 1491

Known for

Proclaiming himself as head of the Church, he was Elizabeth's father, having six marriages.

Years on the throne

38 years

Death

28 January 1547

Where his father is known for being someone a little too fond of money and of the administrative tasks of state, Henry VIII is remembered for being one of the most hedonistic and headstrong monarchs in the history of England. Thomas Cromwell, Henry's chief minister, was a key figure in implementing his religious policies (separation from Rome and the dissolution of the monasteries). Still, as his wives, he was also betrayed by the king.

Policies, Reforms, and general highlights of the ruling of Henry VIII

He often relied on his authority rather than the parliament's.

Implemented a financial extraction mechanism through the councils

From 1529 to 1536, Henry VIII destabilized the country with a series of reforms, centralizing the royal power through the Establishment of Royal Supremacy (any other power couldn't challenge his authority).

In 1534, Henry VIII initiated the English Reformation by proclaiming himself head of the Church in England, enabling him to nullify his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and later to divorce Anne Boleyn.

The Supremacy Act caused significant friction within his court of ministers. By the end of Henry VIII's reign, serious religious divisions had emerged, a consequence of his starting the separation from Rome and the emergence of Protestants.

The Reformation included the dissolution of monasteries in 1536 to reduce the Church's economic power and the introduction of religious reforms that allowed Protestants to enter.

Henry VIII mounted a half-successful campaign to accuse the monasteries of corruption and licentiousness. Despite this massive religious upheaval, it is said that he died a Catholic.

The Six Wives of Henry VIII

We can’t talk about Henry VIII without mentioning his wives, Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr. ‘Divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived’, as the rhyme now so famously goes:

Catherine of Aragon and her marriage to Henry VIII

A cultured, tenacious woman with strong religious convictions, Catherine spoke English and Latin.
At 15, she married Arthur, who sought to forge an alliance between England and Spain against France. Arthur died just a year later. As a result of diplomatic negotiations, she became very religious and eventually wed Henry in 1507. She was older; Henry was only 17.
She suffered numerous miscarriages; only Mary (born in 1517) survived, and she would be the sole survivor.

A historical engraving featuring a figure in elaborate traditional attire, with decorative headpieces and an ornate collar.

Henry wanted a male heir, so he sought a divorce, but Catherine (who had strong religious connections in Rome) defended the marriage, and Pope Clement VII denied the separation.

Thus began the English Reformation, when Henry proclaimed himself head of the Church so he could marry another woman, marking a turning point in the history of church-state relations. Catherine was separated from her daughter and exiled. She died in 1536.

Anne Boleyn

A noblewoman who served at the court of Queen Claude of France.
Henry VIII was still married to Catherine of Aragon when he courted Anne, and they married in secret in 1533, the same year their daughter, Elizabeth, was born.
The first queen to be executed.

Although her relationship with Henry VIII developed rapidly upon her arrival in England, they separated only three years later.

In 1536, Anne was accused of adultery (with her own brother) and of conspiring against the king and was executed.

A portrait of a woman in a black dress with intricate embroidery, wearing layered pearls and a pendant, holding a red flower.

Jane Seymour

Part of the courts of Henry's first wives, she differed from her predecessors, being a more discreet lady from a modest noble family.
Henry chose to be buried next to her, demonstrating his affection for the woman who gave her a son.

A woman in a richly detailed red dress adorned with pearls and gold jewelry, wearing an elaborate headdress against a dark background.

In 1536, less than two weeks after Anne Boleyn's death, she married Henry. Jane gave the king the first male heir, Edward I, but she died as a result of difficult childbirth.

Her life was short and unremarkable, but it changed the course of the dynasty.

Anne of Cleves

Her family (of German origin) had good political connections, so Henry saw her as a good alliance, but he considered her unattractive.
They married in March 1540, but the marriage was annulled a few months later, although they maintained a cordial relationship and even received a pension from Henry VIII.
She died in 1557 and was buried in Westminster Abbey

Thomas Cromwell, used and betrayed by the Crown

Cromwell arranged Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves (who had convenient political connections in Germany), but the governor felt deceived because she was not to his liking.
In 1540, Henry decided to execute Cromwell for treason. The execution took place on the day of his wedding to his new conquest, Catherine Howard.

Catherine Howard

Anne Boleyn's cousin, she met Henry in 1540, when he was already in poor health and she was still a teenager. They married the same year as his fourth divorce, but she only lasted a year and a half on the throne because she was accused of having been betrothed before marrying Henry.

Furthermore, letters with her lover, Thomas Culpepper, were discovered, which were taken as proof of adultery and led to her divorce. In 1542, she was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where she was executed.

Catherine Parr

Twice widowed, she was the first queen to publish religious books, as she was a cultured dame on the subject.
Married in 1543, she was the last companion of Henry VIII and his children (Mary I, Elizabeth I, Edward VI), whose upbringing she greatly influenced.
Her religious convictions were seen as a threat by some members of the court, who accused her of heresy, although she persuaded her husband not to sign the arrest warrants.
After Henry died in 1547, she married Thomas Seymour (brother of Jane Seymour, Henry's third wife), and they had a daughter, but she died of an infection after childbirth.

The final days of a diminished Henry VIII alongside Catherine Parr are depicted in the 2024 film, Firebrand

These were the women who tried to bear the king’s heirs – and to bear Henry himself, although in a slightly different way.

Henry VIII's Wife	Marriage - End	Fate of the Marriage	Children
Catherine of Aragon, born in Alcalá de Henares, Castile (1485 - 1536)	Married: 11 June 1509 at Greenwich. Marriage annulment: 23 May 1533	Marriage annulled by Henry; Catherine banished to Kimbolton Castle; died 7 Jan 1536.	Mary I (1516 – 1558). Later Queen of England from 1553 – 1558. Mary I had several stillbirths and infant deaths.
Anne Boleyn born in Norfolk, England (1501 – 1536)	Married: 25 January 1533 in secret. Executed: 19 May 1536	Accused of adultery and treason; executed at Tower of London.	Elizabeth I (1533 – 1603) — later Queen of England (r. 1558 – 1603).
Jane Seymour, born in London (1508 – 1537)	Married: 30 May 1536 at Whitehall Palace. Died while giving birth: 24 October 1537	Died 12 days after childbirth (post-partum infection).	Edward VI (1537 – 1553) — later King of England (r. 1547 – 1553).
Anne of Cleves born in Düsseldorf, Germany (1515 – 1557)	Married: 6 Jan 1540. Marriage dissolution: 9 July 1540	Marriage annulled for non-consummation; she remained in England with title “The King’s Beloved Sister”.	Didn't have children with Henry
Catherine Howard born in London, England (1523 – 1542)	Married: 28 July 1540 at Oatlands Palace. Executed: 13 February 1542	Executed for adultery and treason; cousin of Anne Boleyn.	Didn't have children with Henry
Catherine Parr born in London, England (1512 – 1548)	Married: 12 July 1543 at Hampton Court Palace. Widowed: 28 January 1547	Survived Henry; later married Thomas Seymour; died 5 September 1548.	No surviving issue with Henry VIII.She had a daughter (Mary Seymour, 1548–c. 1550) by Thomas Seymour.

King Edward VI (1547-1553)

🤴🏼 Edward VI, a sickly king

Born

12 October, 1537

Actions by his protectors

John Dudley attempted to exclude his half-sisters, Mary Tudor and Elizabeth Tudor, from the throne

Advisors

Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset (his uncle and his mother’s brother) and then John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland.

Death

6 July, 1553, he was only 16 years old

When Henry VIII died in 1547, his son, Edward VI, was only ten years old, not a great age to become king, and not a great recipe for monarchical stability.

Policies, Reforms, and general highlights of the ruling of Edward IV

Edward VI's reign was marked by complicated relations with Scotland (which the Scots won at the Battle of Pinkie) and France, which strained the economy and caused a crisis due to the costs of the wars.

The Book of Common Prayer, introduced by the Duke of Somerset in 1549 through the Act of Uniformity, only added fuel to the religious divide between Catholics and Protestants.

Henry VIII left him a country that was economically and politically fragile, he had to deal with various religious rebellions and economic discontent stemming from his father's policies.

While his protectorate was focused on enforcing doctrinal radicalism, Edward fell ill with tuberculosis, and his successor would be his sister, Mary I, a Catholic.

With the Death of Edward, Jane Grey ascends to the throne, but only for 9 days, as the popular revolts favoured Mary I.

📚 Somerset's protectorship:

Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset (his uncle and his mother’s brother)
Introduction of the Book of Common Prayer 🙏🏻
The protectorship of Somerset ended in disaster, marked by financial ineptitude, endless wars, and a series of rebellions that rocked the country.
The Duke of Somerset was overthrown and ultimately executed in 1552. 🗡️

⚜️ Northumberland's protectorship:

Northumberland was central in the plot to remove Somerset.
His reforms aimed to diminish the power of the Catholic Church by reclaiming the wealth of the parish churches, which were melted down for bullion and sent to the Royal Mint to fund the government.
Attempted to exclude Mary Tudor and Elizabeth Tudor (Edward's half-sisters) from the throne by declaring them "illegitimate" to favour Jane Grey, granddaughter of Henry VIII's little sister (Mary, Duchess of Suffolk).

Book of Common Prayer

The Book of Common Prayer marked another turning point in English religion. Written in English and replacing the Latin liturgical texts, it emphasized principles of Protestantism, denying the existence of purgatory, eliminating prayer to saints, and questioning the sacrament of penance.

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Jane Grey (1553)

👸🏻 Jane Grey, The Nine Days’ Queen

Born

1537

Religion

Protestant

Death

12 February 1554 at 17 years old

Lady Jane Grey is perhaps one of the most tragic figures in the whole of English royal history, being used merely as a pawn in a game of power.

Before Edward VI died, he wrote a will that ordered a change to the succession. Rather than his half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, he instructed that his first cousin, Lady Jane Grey (Henry VII’s great-granddaughter) would be queen instead.

Lady Jane was a committed Protestant (whereas Mary was known for being a very pious Catholic) and Edward hoped that Lady Jane would continue the reformation

Jane was "conveniently" engaged to Lord Guildford Dudley, brorther of the Duke of Northumberland, Edward’s advisor.

After Edward’s death, and with the declaration of Lady Jane’s ascent to the throne, many of her supporters lost their nerve, as support for Mary grew meanwhile.

Lady Jane was only sixteen or seventeen when she was executed in the Tower of London – alongside Northumberland and her fiancé. Nine days later, Mary I was announced queen by the Privy Council and Parliament.

Queen Mary I (1553-1558)

🗡️ Queen Mary I, Bloody Mary

Born

1516

Religion

Catholic

Most significant actions

A devout Catholic, she returned England to the religious jurisdiction under catholicism, imprisoning and executing thousands of protestants.

Children

None

Death

1558, presumably of uterine cancer

Daughter of Catherine of Aragon, Henry’s first wife, she was also the cousin of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. Despite Edward’s IV best efforts, Mary Tudor, ascended to the throne in 1553. And, for the Protestants in England at the time, her reign was not a very happy five years.

A devout Catholic, she immediately began overturning the Reformation measures; she reversed all of Edward’s religious laws - and many of Henry’s too.

Policies, Reforms, and general highlights of the ruling of Mary I

Mary I reigned for only five years, succeeding her brother Edward VI.

In 1554, Mary I married Philip II of Spain, a deeply Catholic ten years her junior, at the age of 32, thus restoring the authority of the Pope (Pope Gregory XV) with the Act of Repeal.

Mary's reign faced several revolts, as her father and brother had opened the doors to Protestantism; various groups rose against the queen's Roman Catholic and Spanish policies.

Mary interpreted the acts of rebellion against her reinstatement of Catholicism as heresy and disloyalty to the crown, initiating the execution of several Protestant leaders and imprisoning thousands, which earned her the nickname Bloody Mary.

In 1558, Mary I lost Calais, the last French territory held by the crown, losing power to the councils (Boulogne had previously been lost to the protectorate of Edward VI).

Despite her marriage to Philip, she did not bear any children – and her reign ended when she died in 1558. Her opponents widely celebrated the accession of her sister Elizabeth to the throne.

Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

💎 Queen Elizabeth I, the Golden Age

Born

1533

Religion

Protestantism

The Golden Age

A period of excellent stability and a robust economy. Figures like William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, and John Dee all produced masterpieces during her reign.

Elizabeth and Mary Queen of Scots

She ordered the execution of her cousin due to a plot to dethrone her

According to the law passed by Henry VIII, Elizabeth, the daughter of Anne Boleyn, was to be queen if Mary did not have any heirs... and this is precisely what happened.

Elizabeth, considered the best Tudor monarch, is also known for never choosing a husband, instead dedicating herself to her reign. With a group of trusted advisors and a strong navy – including many piratical elements – she slowly developed English power in Europe and on the high seas.

Being the daughter of Boleyn (a devouted catholic), Elizabeth's religious concerns leaned towards Protestantism. And so, after the reaction of Mary’s catholic reign, Elizabeth reinstated many of the reforms passed by Edward.

Policies, Reforms, and general highlights of the ruling of Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I ascended the throne at the age of 25 in 1558 and reigned for 45 years until 1603

She was a Catholic queen (like her mother, Anne Boleyn) with a Renaissance education and was highly skilled in all aspects of her life.

The reign of Elizabeth I is considered by many to be the best period of the Tudor dynasty, thanks to the reconciliation of relations between the Anglican and Catholic churches (through the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of 1559), the defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588), and a good relationship between the Crown and Parliament.

She became Supreme Governor of the Church of England, a church that now combined elements of Edward’s church with Catholicism and made attendance obligatory.

Elizabeth also restructured the social order by establishing a more communal way of life and striving to provide work for the entire population.

Elizabeth I possessed a great capacity for organizing the workforce and for political action. Acts such as the Statute of Apprentices of 1563 established the obligation of all men to work

Another of his policies was the "Poor Law" established in 1601. Parish overseers collected taxes to provide an allowance to those unable to work but living in poverty (the elderly, the sick, and infants). The 1601 Poor Law remained in effect until after World War II.

Her victory against the Spanish Armada in 1588 reaffirmed Elizabeth's power, as Spain, with its conquests in the New World, was economically and politically strong.

During the final years of her reign, with Puritanism on the rise, after having established reconciliation, Catholicism began to be associated with witchcraft and various natural disasters and poor harvests.

Shakespeare, a great Tudor playwright — Shakespeare was one of the great Tudor artists. Image from the Independent.

The Golden Age was characterized by increased literacy (more schools than offices were built, leading to the evolution of university education) and a flourishing of culture (playwrights William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, as well as philosopher Francis Bacon, lived during this period).

Elizabeth's reign enjoyed a robust economy, an expansive outlook, and an optimistic future, but this Tudor era was also a turbulent time. There were wars, uprisings, and egregious raids on states' coffers.

The Spanish Armada's defeat of 1588 🏴‍☠️

Elizabeth I defeated the Spanish Armada, led by her brother-in-law, Philip II (widower of Mary I), which attempted to invade England with over 150 ships. Spain complained of a constant blockade by England, which supported the Netherlands to prevent Spain from achieving a trade monopoly. Still, the main grievance stemmed from frequent English pirate raids on Spanish ships in the Americas.

Why did Elizabeth I order the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots?

Having neither married nor had children, Elizabeth was constantly pressured by her social circles to produce heirs and had to contend with numerous plots to dethrone her.
Several of these were orchestrated by her cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots (Henry VIII's grandniece), a devout Catholic, who was imprisoned in England and forced to abdicate the Scottish throne in favour of her son, James VI.
Through the Babington Plot of 1586, Mary, Queen of Scots, was finally accused of high treason and executed in 1587.

To keep the stability of the English Crown, Elizabeth had to order the execution of her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots

The Tudor Succession and Legacy

Tudor history is marked by tragedy, intrigue, and betrayal, but no one can deny there is much to fascinate in the sixteenth-century House of Tudor. Political and religious overhauls, wars and victories, rebellions, coups, and culture, Tudor history has it all; take a look at how their actions shaped the end of the Middle Ages and the early modern age.

Monarch	Personal Life	Policies / Reforms	Major Historical Events
Henry VII (1485-1509)	Born 28 Jan 1457, son of Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort. Married Elizabeth of York in 1486 to unite Lancaster and York.	Consolidated royal finances and diminished over-mighty nobles; strengthened royal administration.	Won the throne at the Battle of Bosworth Field (22 August 1485) ending the Wars of the Roses. Also faced Yorkist pretenders (Lambert Simnel, Perkin Warbeck).
Henry VIII (1509-1547)	Born 28 June 1491; eldest surviving son of Henry VII. Married six times; known for his dynamic personality and court culture.	Broke with Rome and established royal supremacy over the Church of England; dissolved the monasteries; centralised royal power and reformed government structures.	Divorce of Catherine of Aragon and break with the papacy (1530s); Dissolution of the Monasteries (1536-41); Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion (1536).
Edward VI (1547-1553)	Became king aged nine on the death of his father; physically frail but intellectually precocious.	Under the regency of his Protector(s), the Church of England moved to a more explicitly Protestant form: introduction of the Book of Common Prayer (1549) and further reforms of liturgy and clergy.	Battle of Pinkie Cleugh (1547) against Scotland; economic and social unrest (e.g., Kett’s Rebellion 1549) as part of the consequences of rapid religious change.
Mary I (1553-1558)	Born 18 Feb 1516, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon; first queen regnant of England. Married Philip II of Spain in 1554.	Restored Roman Catholicism as state religion; repealed Protestant legislation; revived heresy laws.	Wyatt’s Rebellion (1554); Loss of Calais to France (7 Jan 1558)
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)	Born 7 Sept 1533, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; never married (“Virgin Queen”). Received a Renaissance-style education.	Established the Elizabethan Religious Settlement (1559) via the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity, creating a moderate Protestant Church of England; balanced royal power, Parliament and council.	Accession 1558; defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588); flourishing of culture (“Elizabethan Age”).

James VI of Scotland, I of England

The Tudor lineage didn't technically end with Elizabeth's death. Through the line of Margaret Tudor (Henry VII’s daughter and sister of Henry VIII), the lineage continued through James VI.

James VI unified the English and Scottish crowns and ascended the throne as James I. He called the union of the crowns a "blessed union" and included Ireland as well.

Under James VI's reign, the Bible was translated into English.

He also established the Stuart dynasty through his daughter, Elizabeth Stuart of Bohemia, the 'Winter Queen'.

Elizabeth Stuart's descendants through Sophia of Hanover have brought the succession to Britain until today.

James VI continued the project of his great-great-grandfather, Henry VII, and unified the English and Scottish Crowns.

Whether you want it as just a general overview of the Tudor period, or a guide for your studies, this insight into the lives of the Tudor monarchs will be useful for anyone. We hope you enjoyed it!

References

BBC Bitize. Learn: The Tudors (no date) Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zwcsp4j (Accessed: October 2025).
Encyclopedia Britannica. United Kingdom’s History: Edward VI. Authors: Paul R. Josephson, Peter Kellner. (29 October 2025) https://www.britannica.com/place/United-Kingdom/Edward-VI-1547-53 (Accessed: October 2025).
The National Archives.Tudor Timeline. (No date) Available at: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/archives-live-tudors/archives-live-tudors-tudor-timeline/ (Accessed: October 2025).
Rose Bennet’s Youtube Channel. Henry VIII and the six queens who marked his destiny. (14 September 2025) Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKWWp43yzmQ (Accessed: October 2025).
Learning Academy Youtube Channel. Henry VII's Government | The Tudors | AQA A Level History. (5 October 2025) Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piorlKco60s (Accessed: October 2025).

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The Tudor Family Tree: A Comprehensive Guide

Origins of the Tudor Dynasty

King Henry VII: Henry Tudor (1485-1509)

Policies, Reforms, General highlights of the ruling of Henry VII

King Henry VIII (1509-1547)

Policies, Reforms, and general highlights of the ruling of Henry VIII

The Six Wives of Henry VIII

Catherine of Aragon and her marriage to Henry VIII

Anne Boleyn

Jane Seymour

Anne of Cleves

Catherine Howard

Catherine Parr

King Edward VI (1547-1553)

Policies, Reforms, and general highlights of the ruling of Edward IV

Jane Grey (1553)

Queen Mary I (1553-1558)

Policies, Reforms, and general highlights of the ruling of Mary I

Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

Policies, Reforms, and general highlights of the ruling of Elizabeth I

Why did Elizabeth I order the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots?

The Tudor Succession and Legacy

James VI of Scotland, I of England

References

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Frequently asked questions

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